The Dominican Republic, and its owner, Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Essay

The Dominican majority rule, and its owner, Rafael Leonidas TrujilloAll throughout the 20th century we can observe the marked presence of totalitarian regimes and governments in Latin America. Countries wish Cuba, Chile, Brazil, Argentina, Nicaragua and the Dominican Republic all suffered under the merciless rule of dictators and military leaders. Yet the latter country, the Dominican Republic, experienced a unique variation of these favorite dictatorships, one that in the eyes of the world of those times was great, exclusively in the eyes of the Dominicans, was nothing short of deadly.Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, or El Chivo, controlled the people of the Dominican Republic in a manner that set him apart from the other leaders of that time. By controlling every aspect of the countrys economy, he controlled the people, by controlling each individuals income and their jobs, he controlled their lives. (Sagas, 173) It is true that from the outside it may appear that the economy was getting better in the Dominican Republic, scarce the problem was that all of the enterprises and businesses were directly or indirectly owned and controlled by Trujillo himself, not the government. Building bridges, making better roads, and establishing monuments were Trujillos ideas as to how to make the Dominican Republic a better place. (de Besault, N/A) True that these things made the Republic more appealing and made transportation better, but the inhumane methods Trujillo employed to follow his complete and utter control of the people completely overshadowed any positive things that he may have done.This previously inexistent economy is what allowed Trujillo to attain and strengthen his business leader in the Dominican Republic. Oddly enough, the same peo... ... In addition to being powerful, his ruthless murders made him a dangerous man too. This specific case in Latin American history comes to show how economic stability does not always mean happiness and wealth. The Dominican Republics economy was stable, but all the wealth belonged to one man, Trujillo. A Nations wealth in the hands of one man only means that the Nations safety and life-force also rest in his hands. Works Cited Bosch, Juan. Trujillo Causas de una tirania sin ejemplo. Caracas n.p., 1961. de Besault, Lawrence. President Trujillo His work and the Dominican Republic. Santiago Editorial El Diario, 1941. Ferreras, Ramon. Trujillo 20 aos despues. N.p. n.p., 1981. Roorda, Eric. The Dicator Next Door. London Duke UP, 1998. Sagas, Ernesto. The Dominican People A Documentary History. Princeton Markus Weiner, 2003.

Hamlets Tragic Flaw is Death and Tragedy Essay -- essays research pap

Does Hamlet have a tragic disfigure? If so, what is it and how does it instal his surroundings and how does it effect Hamlet himself? What is the outcome of his flaw?Hamlet has a tragic flaw in his personality and behavior. His flaw is that he is overly have-to doe with with destruction and tragedy. This flaw or weakness in Hamlet leads him into a world of chaotic surroundings and madness. Hamlets flaw and his mad personality led to the stopping point of several people, including his mother and the King of Denmark If Hamlet did not have this fascination with death and tragedy, the deaths of the several people would not have occurred--including his own.Hamlet did not everlastingly have this flaw in his personality. The flaw was presented to him by a ghost. The ghost of Hamlets father told Hamlet that he was murdered by Claudius and asked Hamlet to avenge his murder. This is where the flaw is adopted by Hamlet and begins to effect his life. Hamlet begins to dig deeper and deeper to find the truth. He puts on an act of madness to disguise his revenge. Hamlet becomes so over-whelmed with death that death is all...

Emily Dickinson: Transcendentalist Experience Through Imagination :: essays research papers

Emily Dickinson Transcendentalist Experience Through ImaginationThe early 19th century ideas of transcendentalism, which were introducedby Ralph Emerson and David Thoreau, where man as an soulfulness becomesspiritually consumed with nature and himself with experience are contrastedby Emily Dickinson, who chose to branch off this path by showing that atranscendentalist experience could be achieved through imagination alone. Thesethree monumental writers set the boundaries for this new realm of thought.Although these writers ideas were not similar, they all followed the simple ideathat the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul . The manly perspectiveseen through the works of Thoreau and Emerson, where nature refers to essencesunchanged by man the air, the river, the leaf , is revised and satirized byDickinsons statement that Of all the Souls that stand create-, I stimulate elected-One . Dickinsons works were meant to taunt society by showing how a woman,ironically trapped i n her natural surroundings of the home, could obtain as untold power, if not more than any male writer. This ironic revisions of ideas isdirected at all male transcendentalists and figures in society. both(prenominal) Ralph Emerson and David Thoreau used societies stereotype of thetrue male environment, nature, to draw their power and write from theirexperiences. Experience was the most important factor to these writers. Theability to know it by experience, and be able to give a true account in my nextexcursion was the basis of all their writings. To get the whole and genuinemeanness of it, and publish its meanness to the whole beingness was their goalbehind all their writings. They did not use their power of writing in order togain a transcendentalist experience, but rather to record them. Both Emersonand Thoreau chose to contact their true natural surroundings, and experiencetime alone in the woods. By being in solitude, it brought forth a concision that all natural objects make a kindred impression, when the mindis open to their influence .Mans views of nature being rightfully his, to do with what he wants, isharshly contrasted by Emerson, who feels that Nature sais,-He is my creature .Emerson felt that man, corrupted by society, can over power the fate of overlooking his true meaning. Escaping from the wheel of society into the woods, is utter(a) youth. By living in the woods, he found that fusing nature with soul,one can accomplish anything.Emerson felt that nature was an extension of five of his senses, wherehe could feel the tree moving in the wind as if it was his own body.

Essay --

Popular representations of fight encompass how different generations and societies take a crap seen, witnessed and explained or justified fights through with(predicate) the use of language, literature, visual arts and later, films. Contemporary state of fight refers to the new concepts, weaponry, and technologies that have been used at the beginning of WWII to the present measure period. Over the years that have passed, the methods and concepts have assumed newer complex forms, mainly due to widespread use of information and applied science and withal modern armies that have constantly upgraded to preserve their scrap worthiness. Furthermore, contemporary war has sought the greater inclusion of civilians and civilian infrastructure as targets in destroying a nations capability of waging war. As an apt corollary of popular representations of war, bell ringers epic poem, The Iliad, tries to show its au soundnce the suffering and loss caused by war, in his time period. In addi tion, some of the main themes in popular representations of war are, for example, the theme of wrath and revenge, motives that have been the start of many wars and the theme of military prowess. However, The Iliad can also be seen as a misleading corollary that disconnects from popular representations of war through the centuries, due to the fact that it excludes the theme of battle or combat suffering, since in The Iliad, soldiers die instantly, whereas the author does not expose to the readers the suffering accompanying so many wounded soldiers, who die a slow and un-hero like death. Using adequate quotes from The Iliad, Lokesson, Shay, and opposite outside sources, we will try to understand how The Iliad is an apt and a misleading corollary to understand popular representations of war.The Greek ancient ... ...wn us a less sizable affair, involving many conflicting needs and many more possibilities of dissent. Overall, one thing remains clear, whether in The Iliad or in other depictions of war through the times, it is the four-year-old that are sent to the battlefield, either to gain glory or to die, thus, as Herbert Hoover once said Old men declare war. But it is the juvenility that must fight and die. The Iliad is no different, as it clearly shows us that war is waged by those that can physically fight it, that show the bravery and masculine neck for the affair and that have something to gain (or lose) from it. The Iliad thus, becomes perhaps, one of the greatest depictions of how war is fought and why it is fought, and the pathos it brings to all it touches. If we still read it 2,500 years or so, after it was written, it must conjure powerful feelings with which we still identify. Essay -- Popular representations of war encompass how different generations and societies have seen, witnessed and explained or justified wars through the use of language, literature, visual arts and later, films. Contemporary war refers to the new concep ts, weaponry, and technologies that have been used at the beginning of WWII to the present time period. Over the years that have passed, the methods and concepts have assumed newer complex forms, mainly due to widespread use of information and technology and also modern armies that have constantly upgraded to preserve their battle worthiness. Furthermore, contemporary war has sought the greater inclusion of civilians and civilian infrastructure as targets in destroying a nations capability of waging war. As an apt corollary of popular representations of war, Homers epic poem, The Iliad, tries to show its audience the suffering and loss caused by war, in his time period. In addition, some of the main themes in popular representations of war are, for example, the theme of wrath and revenge, motives that have been the start of many wars and the theme of military prowess. However, The Iliad can also be seen as a misleading corollary that disconnects from popular representations of war t hrough the centuries, due to the fact that it excludes the theme of battle or combat suffering, since in The Iliad, soldiers die instantly, whereas the author does not expose to the readers the suffering accompanying so many wounded soldiers, who die a slow and un-hero like death. Using adequate quotes from The Iliad, Lokesson, Shay, and other outside sources, we will try to understand how The Iliad is an apt and a misleading corollary to understand popular representations of war.The Greek ancient ... ...wn us a less tidy affair, involving many conflicting needs and many more possibilities of dissent. Overall, one thing remains clear, whether in The Iliad or in other depictions of war through the times, it is the young that are sent to the battlefield, either to gain glory or to die, thus, as Herbert Hoover once said Old men declare war. But it is the youth that must fight and die. The Iliad is no different, as it clearly shows us that war is waged by those that can physically fig ht it, that show the bravery and masculine love for the affair and that have something to gain (or lose) from it. The Iliad thus, becomes perhaps, one of the greatest depictions of how war is fought and why it is fought, and the pathos it brings to all it touches. If we still read it 2,500 years or so, after it was written, it must conjure powerful feelings with which we still identify.

Free Essays - The Title of The Catcher In The Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Title of The Catcher In The Rye         The title of the refreshing The Catcher In The Rye, by JD Salinger, has a substantial connection to the story.  This title greatly explains the main character, Holden Caul discipline, and his feelings towards life and human nature.  In society he has rig enormous corruption, vulgarity, harm and havoc.  He knows that the children of the world are ruined by the corruption of adults around them and, he states later in the novel, his new purpose in life will be to help save the children from this vulgarity.  Holden wants to be a Catcher in the Rye.  We first hear the title of the novel being employ in chapter 16, and in chapter 22 we have the full explanation of this title.  Human dignity is vital to Holdens existence and the only way to guarantee this on a long term basis is to assist children in maintaining their innocence  from the dangers of adulthood.          In chapter 16 we have the first reference to the meaning of the novels title, The Catcher in the Rye.  Holden hears a niggling boy singing to himself a verse which makes Holden very happy If a body catch a body coming through the rye, (Page 115).  It is herculean to understand why Holden is made happy by the little boys singing unless one has an idea of what the song means to Holden. The little boy is described by Holden in gentle caring terms  The kid was swell.  He was walking in the street, instead of on the sidewalk, but right next to the curb.  He was fashioning out like he was walking a very straight line, the way kids do, and the whole time he kept singing and humming.  (Page 115). Holden notes that the childs parents pay no attention to him.  To Holden this child represents innocence and youth unspoiled by adult immorality.       Holden wishes to serve humanity by safeguarding the innocence and purity o f children, by protecting them from the evils of life.  His little sister, Phoebe, asks him what he would like to be and he answers   I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of

Free Essays - The Title of The Catcher In The Rye :: Catcher Rye Essays

The Title of The Catcher In The Rye         The title of the novel The Catcher In The Rye, by JD Salinger, has a substantial connection to the story.  This title greatly explains the main character, Holden Caulfield, and his feelings towards life and human nature.  In society he has found enormous corruption, vulgarity, harm and havoc.  He knows that the children of the human are ruined by the corruption of adults around them and, he states later in the novel, his new purpose in life will be to dish up save the children from this vulgarity.  Holden wants to be a Catcher in the Rye.  We first hear the title of the novel being used in chapter 16, and in chapter 22 we return the full explanation of this title.  Human dignity is vital to Holdens existence and the only way to guarantee this on a long term basis is to serve children in maintaining their innocence  from the dangers of adulthood.       & nbsp In chapter 16 we have the first reference to the meaning of the novels title, The Catcher in the Rye.  Holden hears a little boy singing to himself a verse which makes Holden very smart If a body catch a body coming through the rye, (Page 115).  It is difficult to understand why Holden is made happy by the little boys singing unless one has an idea of what the song means to Holden. The little boy is described by Holden in gentle caring monetary value  The kid was swell.  He was travel in the street, instead of on the sidewalk, but right next to the curb.  He was making out like he was walking a very straight line, the way kids do, and the whole time he kept singing and humming.  (Page 115). Holden notes that the childs parents pay no attention to him.  To Holden this child represents innocence and juvenility unspoiled by adult immorality.       Holden wishes to serve humanity by safeguarding the innocence and purity of children, by protecting them from the evils of life.  His little sister, Phoebe, asks him what he would like to be and he answers   I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of

Ethical Argument Cover Letter Essay

This is my submission for the Ethical Argument piece assignment. I was asked to choose a topic to issue and I chose to bring out nearly the Ethical Arguments against Abortion. Initially, I had many choices but I landed on this mainly because this is a broad topic as it covers science, religion, and human rights. Since this is a broad topic, it was also difficult to choose which part of stillbirth is suitable for this disputation and which part of stillbirth I can write without injecting my personal views and opinion.Thus, I decided to write to focus on why abortion is acceptable for the case of demeanor endangerment and why it cant be accepted in foil cases. The purpose of this essay is to show arguments about the legalization of abortion with regards to life endangerment against rape case. Perhaps, the most difficult part of writing this paper is to weigh objectively the stand of abortion in the two cases given in this essay. However, the parallel or example I gave helped m e arrive to the argument I presented. I hope that this writing will meet your requirements and I would be glad to receive some feedbacks from you.Respectfully Yours, Students describe Students Name Professors Name Subject 29 April 2009 Ethical Arguments against Abortion For years, we have heard a lot of arguments against abortion arguments as to why or why not abortion should be legalized. It seems to be a never-ending debate specially when taken from a pro-life perspective. Arguments against abortion often range from objections based on the USAs constitution entertainion of the rights to human life to biblical belief that human life starts at conception.However, more arguments and objections arise when a practice of law freeing abortion for mothers whose lives be endangered because of motherliness has been approved, whereas others atomic number 18 questioning that if this is permissible, why cant rape cases be? This essay offers arguments and responses as to why it is moral ly illegitimate to have abortion in the event of rape, while it is fairly acceptable to commit abortion when the mothers life is endangered. Lets look at the rape issue first.One of the fundamental beliefs of persons rights regarding any clay concerning the use of disciplinary force is that is to be applied and against those singulars responsible for the initiation of force. In this maculation, the guilty party is the rapist and not the fetus. Moreover, in this case, the law might legally grant its authority to terminate the rapist, since rape is considered as an abominable crime, but not the child, even if the childs dependence on his mother was the result of the rape.Let me give you a parallel. Imagine that there are two mutually unfriendly people living in the akin building during the bombing raids of Hitler in 1940. A bomb is thr deliver into the building and this causes all possible exits to collapse while destroying all the walls that separate the neighbors. In effect, th ey are forced to share the same space and work with each other in the hopes to channel themselves out despite a mutual dislike.Does the given scenario justify one of the two unfriendly neighbors killing the other because of the inconvenience caused by the other, even though none of them had really caused it, or wouldnt it be veracious to demand justice from the Nazi air marshal who had originally commanded the bombing raids? Although the bombing and rape are two immensely unlikely scenarios, both are possible and the possible circumstances here are parallel to that of a pregnancy caused by rape. Going to the mothers life endangerment issue, no individual is really obliged to his or her own life to save another persons life.Therefore, when it can be proved medically that the mothers life is in fact significantly endangered by a pregnancy, then, an abortion may be undertaken as a final resort and an only situation where it is possible to support legal abortion and to remain loyal to the individual rights principle however, it is not an ordinary situation. Rather, it is considered an emergency, or a sort of situation as addressed in The Ethics of Emergencies written by Ayn Rand as part of her essay collection The Virtue of Selfishness.An emergency is an unchosen, unexpected event, limited in time that creates conditions under which human survival is impossible much(prenominal) as a flood, an earthquake, a fire, a shipwreck. It is only in emergency situations that one should military volunteer to help strangers. For instance, a man who values human life and is caught in a shipwreck, should help to save his fellow passengers (though not at the expense of his own life). But this does not mean that after they all reach shore, he should devote his efforts to saving them from poverty, ignorance, neurosis or whatever other troubles they might have.Nor should he spend his life sailing the seven seas in search of shipwreck victims to save. (The Virtue of Selfishness) From this definition alone, the situation of a mother whose life is endangered because of pregnancy is considered as an emergency as long as the mother has no idea that her pregnancy would put her life into danger. However, if from the start, the mother already knew about her medical condition that pregnancy will do her no good, it must be her responsibility to avoid becoming pregnant and must do her best to protect her health.Should she decide to face the risk, aborting the baby must not be done. In addition, Rand writes in her essay that emergencies are always exempted from the rule. They are not the normal extract of ethical human relations or of human existence. To say that such extreme action may be allowed in emergencies is merely not to elicit the acceptability or tolerability to the realm of human existence as dealt with by the basics or fundamentals of ethics.So, just because abortion may be justify as a final resort in some unexpected circumstances, this does not mean t hat the general legalization of abortion may be justified, especially with the fact that most cases of abortion occur because a woman has gone through indiscriminate sexual relations and has never wished to bring upon herself the objective consequences of such actions which are the pregnancy and the responsibility and obligation of bringing up a child. Work Cited Rands, Ayn. The Virtue of Selfishness 28 December 2008.Glyn Hughes Squashed Philosophers. 29 April 2009. Annotated Bibliography Rands, Ayn. The Virtue of Selfishness 28 December 2008. Glyn Hughes Squashed Philosophers. 29 April 2009. Rands essay collection The Virtue of Selfishness offers the basic or fundamental social principle of Objectivist ethics that life is simply an end itself, which simply means that every human being is an end himself.This also explains that man must live only for his own self and incomplete to sacrifice himself for others, nor having others to sacrifice themselves for him. The chapters in this essay collection could be easily included in the ethical argument writing especially when the topic is about sacrificing oneself or sacrificing others for the benefit of the other just like the topic in this argument.

Diabetes Type II

Diabetes is a condition characterized by individuals having elevated levels of blood sugar resulting from the dead body not producing sufficient insulin or the body mobile ph whizs not effectively responding to the insulin already render in the body (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Insulin, a hormone produced in the pancreases, enables the body cells to take up glucose and oxidizes it into energy (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Lack of this glucose uptake by the body cells allow for result to the accumulation of glucose in the blood, a condition known as hyperglycemia (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).Hyperglycemia leads to a number of other serious complications. In eccentric II diabetes also known as non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) results from the body cells becoming resistant to insulin or the insulin that is produced in the body is insufficiency (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The onset of diabetes typecast II can be characterized by individuals having general weakness, chronic fatigue, malaise a nd lethargy. Frequent urination is not unusual and individuals often complain of excessive thirst.Excessive movements in the bowel and unexplained heaviness loss start out been observed among individuals afflicted by the condition (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The individuals suffering from diabetes type II start having blurred vision caused by the alteration in the shape of the lens due to osmotic factors chiefly the elevated levels of blood glucose. Frequent thirst leads to the touch on individual taking a lot of fluids. Diabetes type II is known to be a genetic disease although medical causes have been explained (Kilvert & Fox, 2007).There is an observation of an increased risk of developing diabetes type II in families where the pargonnts have the disorder. A mutation in the gene known as the Amyloid Polypeptide gene lead to the early signs of the condition and makes the progress to a more than severe diabetes type II condition possible (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). Apart from genetics, the condition can be caused by an alteration in the metabolism and deranged cell processes. Environmental factors have also been blamed to cause diabetes type II particularly some diets and weight (Zieve & Wexler, 2009).Some drugs have been identified to increase the risk of diabetes type II such as the thiazide diuretics, which inhibit the secretion of insulin because of the hypokalemic condition they cause. Thiazides also increase the insulin confrontation due to elevated levels of mobilization of free fatty acids (Mayo Clinic, 2009). some other drug agents that can be blamed for drug induced hyperglycemia include beta blockers, somatropin, protease inhibitors, phenothiazines, flouroquinolones, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and calcium channel blockers. Tr sapment of Diabetes Type IIThe flying objective of treating diabetes type II is to reduce the elevated levels of blood glucose while the long-term goal of diabetes treatment is the prevention of diabetes-related conditions, wh ich arise after individuals have highly-developed the complication. Diet and exercise remain the primary ways of managing diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The afflicted individuals should be able to accurately test and record their levels of blood glucose. The knowledge on what to eat and what medications to use should be well known by people suffering from the disease. The patients should get important information from their doctors.Individuals with diabetes type II are recommended to eat at the same times every day and their meals should be consistent in terms of the type of foods they choose to eat (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). The adherence of the meal intervals and the type of foods eaten service of process prevent the increase or decrease in the levels of blood sugars. Individuals can plan their meals by eating the right quantity of foods, choosing healthy foods and eating the meals at the required time. Another aspect is the weight care. It has been observed that some people a fter cutting weight can stop taking medications even when they passive have diabetes.In extreme overweight individuals, bariatric surgery may be recommended. Gastric bypass surgery and laparoscopic gastric banding are some of the weight reducing procedures that can be recommended in the fightment of diabetes (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). For diabetics, regular physical exercise is imperative (Mayo Clinic, 2009). It has been observed that aerobic exercise carried out regularly can serve reduce the levels of blood sugars without the need of any medication. Exercise help to burn any excess fats and calories and in that locationfore individuals with diabetes can easily manage their weight by exercises.Blood pressure and blood flow, which may be seen as a problem in diabetes type II can be improved (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Exercise decreases the insulin resistance in body cells without necessarily having any body loss. The bodys energy level is also said to improve with exercise and the abil ity to grapple stress as well as lowering of tension are some of the benefits of exercise. When all the options of exercise and diet have failed, individuals may opt for medications that are prescribed by physicians. The drugs acting against diabetes function to lower the blood sugar levels in a number of ways (Ligaray & Isley, 2010).Physicians may prescribe for patients more than one type of medication because of the different modes of action of the different agents used in diabetes management. The drugs are also prescribed along with insulin when it is required. The drugs used in diabetes treatment are either given intravenously or orally. For instance, biguanides sold as metformin is used to decrease the hepatic production of glucose (Mayo Clinic, 2009). The rationale of biguanides is to make the fat cells, hepatic cells and the muscle cells to absorb more glucose from the bloodstream hence lowering the total blood sugar levels.Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are also important age nts that lower the carbohydrate denseness from the digestive tract. This lowers the glucose levels especially after the meals. Sulfonylureas help in triggering the pancreases to produce more insulin and they are administered by oral route (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). Other agents used in diabetes management include the thiazolidinediones, pramlintide and exenatide and meglitinides. Insulin is only prescribes to patients who fail to respond to other methods of disease management such as diet monitoring, exercise and other medications (Mayo Clinic, 2009).In addition, insulin may be recommended for individuals who have poor reactions towards other medications used. Usually, insulin is injected under the skin by the use of an insulin pen device or a syringe. Insulin is never administered orally as proteolytic enzymes in the stomach may act on the hormone hence affecting the efficacy. In diabetes type II, the body cells fail to respond effectively to insulin even when it is present (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This is typically seen in type II diabetes mellitus where the resistance is cause by post-receptor derangements.Post-receptor effect implies that the insulin is sufficiently produced alone the cells which should physiologically respond to the molecule have a problem recognizing the insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). There is a general observation that the increased glucose production in the liver particularly in inappropriate times contributes to the inability of the body cells to respond to the ligand, insulin (Ligaray & Isley, 2010). This process, the conversion of glycogen to glucose affects the insulin level, which is important in hepatic function.The reduced insulin-dependent glucose transport especially in muscles and adipose tissues also contributes to the problem of diabetes type II. Similarly, there is an impaired function of beta-cells in the early phase of insulin release following the hyperglycemic stimuli. Diabetes type II is a condition which not only a ffects the regulation glucose levels but also other important body systems such as the immune system, renal function, reproductive system and cardiovascular system are largely modify (Kilvert & Fox, 2007). The immune system is hampered among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II.This can be seen in situations where diabetic individuals take a longer healing from the wounds and minor surgical incisions. The incidences of coronary artery complications as well as the arterial diseases are common among the individuals suffering from diabetes type II (Zieve & Wexler, 2009). Renal failure can be the about disturbing complication of diabetes type II where individuals may require dialysis for blood purification (Mayo Clinic, 2009). Diabetes type II has also been identified to be causing vertical dysfunction which can be a major problem in marriages.In general, diabetes type II is a problem which affects a number of body systems and leaves the affected individual and the family members and friends with a great burden. It is a condition of economic importance and effective approach should be directed to its prevention and treatment. The social aspect of the patients and those closing curtain to them is affected. Although medications have been developed to manage the condition, effective treatments have not been developed, which can completely treat the problem. This calls for extensive research to come up with ways to manage diabetes type II.

College Case Essay

As I near the end of my senior social class, I reflect on the events of my life that have molded me into the person I am to sidereal day. In 2005 my parents divorced several weeks after their 13 family anniversary. only 10 years old at the time, I understood that I had the responsibility to set the example as the eldest child of two junior brothers. Although this was a challenging time for my brothers, being so young and confused, the three of us overcame it together. For a year it was tough to grasp the thought of our parents divorce, precisely we managed to make the best of it from then on. I lived primarily with my mother because of the location and convenience of my school. My brothers lived with my father ab break by dint of 45 minutes away. In the blood line of my 8th grade year in 2008, my mother remarried to a man named Chance, who she had only known for two months. Living with her for 3 years prior, I act to through her new marriage.My bed was now the living room cou ch, and privacy was no longer an option. My freshman year was great. I had amazing friends and my grades were exceptional. It was during my sophomore year that things slowly seemed to fall apart. My grades declined, school attendance was unsteady, and socially I drifted from friends and teachers. At times my classmates would wonder why Id miss so a great deal school or why I couldnt seem to focus during class. Im just tired, I always said. Dont problem about me. On the night of February 12, 2011 I received a call from my mother while staying the weekend at my fathers home in south Kona. Her voice shaky, she stuttered to ask the question I dreaded for 3 years. Did Chance ever hurt you? I said no as she ingeminate the question once again. No I said. She asked again, except this time she asked, Do you promise on your sister? My sister died of turner syndrome in 1999. I notifyt do that mom, I said, anticipating the consequences of my confession. What happened after that phone call w as heart breaking.My very own mother refused to believe what I had told her. She even had the audacity to fork my family on that point was no way her husband could have done such things and refused to divorce him. From that night forward I lived with my father permanently. Three months after the revealing I met with a detective in Kona, whom would investigate my case closely. My junior year was beginning and school became an obvious challenge. I continued to stay out of contact with my mother and her husband Chance. I received the support of my family, as well as my school counselor, who became well aware of my situation. It was the end of my junior year now and my mother still did not believe me. August 13, 2012 was my trial date at the Kealakekua courthouse. To my surprise, my mother was in the waiting room. I was very nervous, but knew that sticking to the truth of my story was the right thing to do. My family waited as I entered the courthouse.My prosecuting attorney did her best to prepare me for this day, knowing the difficulty of the process. I did what I had to do, and my parents and nana watched great eyed as I exited the room. They rushed to my attorney and I awaiting an answer, as she said we did it, its a true bill. I was overwhelmed with relief, as I looked to my instantaneous mother. She hugged me, and said Im sorry as we departed. I knew that wouldnt be the end of it. There would be more upcoming court dates to see the sentence during my senior year. For about 3 years a household member was silently abusing me, but I finally found the courage to word something. I found strength in sticking to the truth of my story and never letting disbelievers tell me there ordain be no justice.From that day forward I promised myself that I would continue to pick myself up, never soaking in self-pity, and achieving my goals. I look back on these events with gratitude, knowing that because of what has happened to me, I will be able to help young, victimi zed girls by reaching out with open arms and guiding them through their hardships. I am humbled by these experiences and know that I have a purpose in this world to provide support throughout the community. I strive to live life through these values, as my perspective on life has brought me to realize the utmost importance of doing what is right. Sexual, physical, verbal, and all other forms of abuse are unacceptable and inhumane however there can be justice if one is willing to fight for it. I am Leila-Marie Wong, proof that through strength and perseverance all can be endured.

Ethical Use of Tecnology in a Mordern Society Essay

As a result, there argon more opportunities than ever for millions of individuals to engage with information technology in an unethical manner. This is why it is essential for the education systems and businesses to address the ethical concerns of information technology usage and to develop a practical code of ethics to prevent, or at least mitigate ,ethical dilemmas and infractions. In todays organisations, ethical challenges relate to areas like fraud, right to privacy for consumers, companionable responsibility, and trade restrictions.For Information Technology (IT) specifically, these can transmute to considerations on how technology is used to violate peoples privacy, how automation leads to job reductions, or how management information and its corresponding systems are used and ill-use for personal gain. I n the last 25 years, we have seen an overwhelming technology infusion affecting business, education, and society. Virtually all areas of our society have been modify by the usage of technology. The change is important from an ethical perspective in terms of whose Information Technology (IT) workers are today and what their tasks are.In the 1980s, IT workers were mainly control to technical fields, such as programming, data processing, server administration, and phone services. Today, IT workers are integrated into ein truth department of organizations, they function globally, and they have access to a wealth of knowledge and information (Payne & Landry, 2006). With the power and skills to access such large amounts of data comes with the need for ethical employees.The computer Professionals for companionable Responsibility (CSPR) web site provides us food for thought when they state Technology is driving the future, the steering is up to us. nd we need every hand at the wheel (Computer Professionals For Social Responsibility, 2007). So how do we prepare for taking the wheel as an individual working with Information Technology (IT) or Information S ystems (IS)? A broader view of social responsibility is coming into focus it is one that in incarnates some real Information Technology (IT) flash points. Issues that have long been concerns of corporate technology managers, including security, privacy, and intellectual property, are increasingly understood as matters of ethics and good citizenship.This perspective is far from universal. The research of CIO (Chief Information Officer), a leading information technology trade journal, shows that art object IT managers are very aware of the larger effect of technology on peoples lives, nearly half those surveyed say IT pros are not very concerned about it (Cones, 2008). This more global understanding of technologys powerful role in society is not new. Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, an organization which deals with related issues, was founded in 1983.Much has been written on technologys impact on the way we live and work, including musings on the moral aspects of a wire society. But the sense that these issues encompass the day-to-day operations of corporate IT appears to be gaining popularity. According to Donald Amoroso, chair of the computer science and information systems department at Kennesaw give in University in Georgia, it is a piece of the maturing of information technology. As the job becomes less about the technology itself and more about the information Age, the definition of responsible corporate citizenship changes too.Social responsibility has to do with being a good person in different parts of the community, Amoroso says. It determines how you will function and do your job in a societal sense, not just as part of the community you do philanthropy with (Cone, 2008). At the 2007 conference of the Information

Religious Freedom in the Philippines Essay

I. IntroductionBased on Dr. Jose Rizals symbolisms on the cover page of Noli Me Tangere, trust is a swelled influence with the perspective of the people. However, in the incoming, thither ordain still be the influence of religion, but people atomic number 18 then educated. People stop proceed the old practices because they start to question the logic in doing these practices. This is only proof that even though the Filipino mind is deeply influenced by Christianity, being unmortgaged to improving and revealing of bingleself is non that far away. We can never change history or force or soone to change their precepts, but let the call stimulateess be the ones to discover it themselves. The Filipino youth must be allowed to choose their religion. If not, they end up being conf utilise, losing the essence of religion during marriage, and continuously discriminated due to sickish stereotyping. Inclining their personality with the appropriate legal opinions will result to a better perspective for living and to discovering their self-identity. Infant Baptism states that it wipes away original sin this is a communion being practiced almost in full in the Filipinos. Their p atomic number 18nts are already binding them to be devoted to a belief that whitethorn or may not be suitable for their child. This is the simplest act of violation to the freedom of religion.What will happen to those children who refuse to believe in the practices that their parents taught them? These children end up being shipwreck survivor to their society, causing depression that sometimes leads to suicide. Majority of the Filipino population are Christian Catholics. At present, the essence of Christianity has been continuously forgotten by these Catholics themselves. For Christians, the Ten Commandments backpack on a whole new perspective. exclusively it seems that the Ten Commandments are not followed, showing signs of unfaithfulness or betrayal to their owl religion. Then w hat is the reasonable explanation for being baptised as Christians if they are not devoted or loyal to Christianity? Based on their actions, they are clearly violating the Ten Commandments. The initiative Commandment states that I am the Lord your God. You shall not have other gods beside me (Ex 202-3 Dt 56-7), but to be loyal to their God is to follow His commandments. Unfortunately, in that location are violating the first commandment without them knowing it. At the same time, the Filipino population has a young population, meaning majority of the community are minors.And in lieu with the majority of Christians in the Philippines, majority of these minors are Christians. Since Filipino Christians are mostly unfamiliar to their religion, they do not practice their religion to the full contempt that they are born Christians. They are growing to be more confused about their religion, and end up losing the essence of it as they grow older. espousals is a part of adulthood, and m arriage is a holy sacrament practiced by Christians to bond their relationship with the opposite sex, declaring them husband and wife, in the remove up of God. But do the Christians being wedded nowadays even recognise the essence of being married? Most of them impersonate married to have the recompense to let sexual intercourse legally, property rights of the mate, and in the name of love. Not knowing they are already forgetting the essence of getting married in the name of God. The establishment provides for freedom of religion, and the governing body generally respected this right in practice.Although Christianity was the predominant religion, there is no state religion, and under the Constitution church and State are separate. Muslims were the largest minority religious group in the country. There was widespread debate over the exact size of the Muslim population, as some officials and observers claimed that security concerns in western Mindanao prevented census takers fro m conducting accurate counts outside urban areas. Estimates ranged from 3.9 million to 7 million, or 5 to 9 % of the population. Muslims resided principally in Mindanao and nearby islands, but there were Muslim communities throughout the country. Historically, Muslims have been discriminated from the Christian majority. The national culture, with its emphasis on familial, tribal, and regional loyalties, forms informal barriers whereby access to jobs or resources is provided first to those of ones own family or group net hit.Muslims reported difficulty renting rooms in embarkment houses or being hired for work if they used their real name or wore distinctive Muslim dress. As a result, some Muslims used a Christian pseudonym and did not wear distinctive dress when applying for hold or jobs. The Governments crackdown on the terrorist ASG has led some human rights NGOs to accuse the police and military of unfairly targeting Muslims for arrest and detention. However, most observers beli eved that discrimination against Muslims was grounded on cultural differences, not religious beliefs or practices. There also were reports of Muslim discrimination against Christians in areas where Muslims were the majority.In conclusion, freedom of religion must be stringently implemented in the Philippines. And the first step to continue practicing the freedom of religion is to let the youth have the freedom to choose their religion. As a result, Filipinos by chance will be more productive and will have a better point of view in life. This may be a rootage to the major crisis of the Philippines with the economy. Workers, namely Filipinos, play a big part in the economy. So having better and devoted workers will friend produce a great economy for Philippines, and resulting to rise of the Filipinos from poverty.II. Significance of the StudyReligion is a system of belief that a group of people practice. It involves devotion and ritual observances. And often contains a moral code governing the conduct of human affairs. Religion is something that virtually all humans have in common. In all corners of the world and in all eras of history, people have wondered about the meaning of life, how to make the best of it, what happens afterwards, and if there is anyone or anything out there. Nowadays, religious devotion is being practiced by Filipinos. Sudden devotion to the Black Nazarene is being observed. But still, there are devotees to other religious groups who stay loyal. The freedom of religion is going to turn a profit majority of Filipinos because of the importance of religion to the Filipinos. The freedom of religion is giving Filipinos the right to practice their religion and still belong to the community without being discriminated this will connect the Filipino community.Freedom of religion can improve quality of education and man power. Children who are free to choose their belief will have a better perspective in life, and this will help increase man power. Man power is a basic element to greater economy which will be beneficial to the community. It is better to have a better set of generations to educate and nurture for the betterment of our country. Those who will be working or earning bills can have a better life. Fewer crimes will be committed due to devotion to what you really want to believe. Democracy will be more effective, because even though there is a law including freedom of religion, namely condition III, section 5, stating free exercise of religious worship shall be allowed, we are not fully practicing freedom.III. BodyA. Religiona. Religions in the World1. Major ReligionsReligion is a belief where in people sometimes uses it as a way of life or a perspective. There are many, long formal, major world religions, each with over three million followers. These religions that are considered as major religions include Christianity, Buddhism, Confucianism, Islam, Hinduism, Taoism, Bahai Faith, Jainism, Judaism, Shinto s, Sikhism, and Paganism All from different countries of the world. If we had been born in a specific place, we are most belike to adapt the most common religion in the place. Given that you were born in Saudi Arabia, you would almost certainly hold Muslim beliefs. In such(prenominal) of Europe, there is Christianity. And in the Philippines, you are most likely to be Catholic except if you were born in ARMM, you are to be a Muslim.2. NeopagansThis religion is a modern-day reconstruction of ancient Pagan religions from various countries and eras. Majority of the followers of the Neopagans refer to themselves as Pagans. But the term Neopagans is used because the followers and the religion itself is slight ambiguous compare to the Pagans. Neopagans include Asatru or Norse Paganism, Druidism, Wicca, and Witchcraft. But some followers of Asatru regard themselves as Heathens rather than Neopagans.3. AtheistAn Atheist is seldom referred to as agnostic or infidel. Atheists are people who do not believe in the existence of a supreme being. They deny to be committed to the belief of creation of the universe by a particular deity. They spread free thoughts, sceptical inquiry, and subsequent increase in criticism of religion. One of the most noteworthy groups of Atheists is the Scientology. b. History of Religions in the Philippines1. Early PeriodIn this period of time, the Philippines were invaded by the Spaniards. The Spaniards were the ones who introduced Catholicism to the Filipinos. Specifically, Ferdinand Magellan was the one who introduced it to Lapu-lapu. The Spaniards were off on a search for Marianas Island, it is said to be rich in different spices. They got off the chart and accidentally went to the Philippines. Their goal was the three Gs God, gold, and glory God, to introduce Catholicism, gold, to be able to get a lot of resources, and glory, to invade the islands. They were successful with this because until now, most of the Filipinos practice the relig ion they introduced to us, Catholicism.2. Revolutionary EraIn 1898, Spain ceded the Philippines to the United States. By February 1902, the United States defeated the forces of Spain. They established an independent state for the country. The Philippine Organic Act of 1902 was declared stating that no law shall be made to prohibit free will, and that free exercise must forever be allowed.3. Late American PeriodThe Americans established a religious freedom by declaring the separation of church and state establish on the First Amendment to the United States Constitution. Filipinos still show signs of anti-friars therefore, the Americans replaced the Spanish friars for Filipino ones to take over. The Marcos regime continues to rein the country and impose Martial Law, which some of the bishops opposed, trying to win back the hearts and loyalty of the country.4. Post-IndependenceCorazon Aquino took over Marcos presidency and brought back the unity of the presidency with the Catholic Ch urch. This made way for church officials to make an impression on the 1986 Constitutional Commission.B. Freedom of Religion in the Philippinesa. Constitutional Laws1. Benevolent NeutralityThe Supreme Court of the Philippines, established the doctrine of benevolent neutrality-accommodation. The 2006 ruling, imposed by former Chief Justice Puno, explained benevolent-neutrality in the context of U.S. jurisprudence. It states that religious practices is a unanimous right and does not privilege the society to discriminate anyone who accommodates their religion under some circumstances.2. Article II, Section 3The separation of Church and State shall be inviolable. With the guarantee of religious freedom in the Philippines, the Roman Catholic Church clergy subsequently remained in the political background as a source of moral influence for many voters during elections until today. Political candidates generally court the clergy for support, although this does not guarantee victory for a ca ndidate. The Philippines was placed under martial law by Dictator Ferdinand Marcos and relations changed dramatically, as some bishops opposed the martial law.3. Article III, Section 5No law shall be made respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof. The free exercise and enjoyment of religious trading and worship, without discrimination or preference, shall forever be allowed. No religious test shall be required for the exercise of civil or political rights The former Philippine Organic Act of 1902. This law is now imposed in the 1987 Philippine Constitution. But the right to act in accordance with ones belief cannot be absolute. Conduct remains subject to regulation and even prohibition for the protection of society.It may not be used to justify an action or refusal inconsistent with general welfare of society (People vs. Diel, CA 44 O.G. 590, August 22, 1947). One of the regulations imposed in its exercise is the compliance of government empl oyees to Section 5 of the passenger car Rules relative to the number of working hours. While government employees of Muslim faith are excused from work between the hours of 10 oclock in the morning up to 2 oclock in the afternoon every Friday, they are obligated to compensate said lost working hours by adopting flexible time schedule to complete forty hours of work in a week.4. Republic Act No. 3350This was intended to serve the purpose of go on the constitutional right to the free exercise of religion, by averting that some people be dismissedfrom work, or be dispossessed of their right to work and of being impeded to pursue a modest means of livelihood, by reason of union security agreements.b. Religious Conflicts1. Religious Freedom in the Government Offices ActKabataan Rep. Raymond Palatino has withdrawn House Bill 6330 otherwise known as the Religious Freedom in Government Offices Act, which seeks to ban religious images and ceremonies in government offices. The fact that one legislator actually had the guts to file a bill like this in a country where the Roman Catholic Church holds broad influence in politics is already an achievement in itself. As Palatino said in a statement,We are encouraged by the fact that despite the misunderstandings, the bill initiated relevant discussions on freedom of religion as one of the fundamental rights enshrined in the Constitution.2. Muslim DiscriminationMuslims were the largest minority religious group in the country. Muslims resided principally in Mindanao and nearby islands, but there were Muslim communities throughout the country. Historically, Muslims have been alienated from the predominant Christian majority. The national culture, with its emphasis on familial, tribal, and regional loyalties, creates informal barriers whereby access to jobs or resources is provided first to those of ones own family or group network. Muslims reported difficulty renting rooms in boarding houses or being hired for retail work if they used their real name or wore distinctive Muslim dress. As a result, some Muslims used a Christian pseudonym and did not wear distinctive dress when applying for housing or jobs3. Separation of Church and StateThe First Amendment is about the right to free exercise of religion. Its interaction with non-discrimination law based on sexual orientation and gender identity. The right of a non-church-related employer to discriminate against gay employees based on religious belief is against a law prohibiting job discrimination. The enactment of employment protections based on sexual orientation and gender identity, opponents of such laws have often raised concerns about the infringement of the religious freedom of business owners.C. Current Religious StateIs religious freedom being practiced fully in the Philippines? Based on other researches, even though there are many laws regarding the separation of church and state, the Catholic Church still has a lot of influence in the system of the government. And in the minds of the Filipino community, they are not practicing this given democracy and the simple act of baptism to a child is a form of violation. Baptism is a form of surrendering yourself to a Supreme Being and you are already making a sin to that Supreme Being whenever he has doubts or decide to choose their own religion. This is giving pressure to the youth and sometimes lead to social discrimination and suicide.IV. ConclusionThe Filipino youth is the foundation of the future of the Philippine community. Thats why we must nurture the youth and continue to educate them and guide them towards a life with more purpose. In our country, religion is one of the major factors that affect the societys perspective. That is why as early as now the youth must be guided properly and taught gibe to their choice of religion. Religion is a way of life, a system of belief wherein they give knowledge of peoples lives importance. And it will be an advantage for everyone in the way they behave. This will lead to a better community, the one that can provide a safe environment for Filipinos and foreigners. And freedom of religion can help produce educated people, and this results to greater man power and greater economy.V. BibliographyAgoncillo, Teodoro Guerrero, Milagros (1970). History of the Filipino People. Malaya Books.Bacani, Teodoro (1987). The Church and Politics. Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines Clarentian Publications.Schumacher, John (1976). Church and State in the Nineteenth and 20thCenturies. Loyola School of Theology, Quezon City.de la Costa, Horacio John Schumacher (1976). Church and State The Philippine Experience. Quezon City, Philippines Loyola School of Theology.

Exploring Methods Of Coast Protection Environmental Sciences Essay

A stipulation for a successful shoreline Restoration lying-in is that all the parties involved have few apprehension of the coastal morphological procedures. They argon so in a place to downstairsstand why the submit state of aff aureoles has developed and why certain solutions give work and others leave non.The followers should be considered in connexion with shoreline tribute and direction undertakings check off the coastal country as a dynamic immanent landscape. Make solitary intercessions in the coastal procedures and in the coastal landscape if the involvements of the society argon more of import than continuing the natural coastal resource.Appoint particular subdivisions of the seacoast for natural development.Demolish inexpedient gray-headed protection strategies and re-establish the natural coastal landscape where possible. minimize the use of coastal protection strategies, give high precedence to the quality of the seashore resource, and concentrate on shore pro tection.Continue the natural fluctuation in the coastal landsca human foot.Restrict new development/housing close to the coastline in the unfastened uninha catched coastal landscape. Allow save such(prenominal) installations, which require entree to the sea.Maintain and better the public entree to and on the beach, lawfully every bit impregnable as in pattern.Reduce pollution and enhance sustainable use of coastal Waterss.This leads to the practical guidelines for shore protection in connexion with seashore protection, shore protection and shore Restoration undertakings. They are mentioned in the following paragraph.Work with nature, for case by re-establishing a starving coastal profile by nutriment and by using site-specific characteristics, such as beef u nogg semi-hard headlands.Choose a solution which fits the type of coastline and which fulfils as galore(postnominal) of the ends set by the stakeholders and the governments as possible. It is rather frequently impossible to carry through and through all ends, as they are frequently conflicting and because of budget restrictions. It should be made clear to all parties, which ends are ful alter and which are non. The adviser moldiness do it wholly clear what the client kitty anticipate from the selected solution this is particularly of import if the undertaking has been adjusted to suit the available financess.Propose a support distribution, which reflects the fulfillment of the assorted ends, set by the parties involved.Manipulate the rate and gradient of the littoral impetus rate and gradient by usage of a minimal figure of constructions. Preserve subdivisions of untasted dynamic landscape where possible. Let protection steps merely if valuable buildings/infrastructure are threatened. This policy will continue the natural coastal resources and the neighbouring subdivisions will have c have as a implication of eating away in the unprotected country.Secure renewing to and along the beach.Enhance th e aesthetic visual aspect, e.g. by understating the figure of constructions. Few and larger constructions is usually better than a batch of little constructions. Preferably allow merely undertakings which deal with an full direction unit/sediment cell and which have maximum shore protection. Individual undertakings tend to concentrate on seashore protection.Minimise care demands to a degree, which the proprietor ( s ) of the strategy is able to pull off. A stand-alone nourishment solution may at first coup doeil appear ideal, but it will usually non be ideal for the landholders, as recharge will be required at short intervals.Secure exhaustively local H2O quality and understate the hazard of pin downing dust and seaweed.Secure safety for swimmers by avoiding constructions bring forthing unsafe rake currents. bar protected beaches as these give a false feeling of safety for hapless swimmers. Protected beaches at stackdid sites tend to endure from sand pin downing in the shelter ed country. If the H2O is likewise unsmooth for swimming, a swimming pool, perchance in the signifier of a tidal pool, is a good solution.Provide good beach quality by procuring that the beaches are exposed to moving ridges, as the moving ridges maintain the attractive sandy beaches. This will of classify limit the clip when swimming is possible, but doing protected beaches frequently means safety jeopardies, hapless beach quality and hapless H2O quality.Be virtual(prenominal) and matter-of-fact, maintaining in head that the natural untasted coastline is utopia in extremely developed countries. Create little attractive locations at otherwise strongly protected stretches if this is the lone realistic possibility.Overview of Types of Coast Protection, Shore Protection and Sea DefenceProtection of the seashore and the shore against the erosive magnates of moving ridges, currents and ramp rush can be performed in many ways, and protection of the seashore and the backwoods against de luging adds even more types to the protection defense mechanism steps.The pick of the step in a given state of aff shines depends on the triple primary conditionsThe job ( coast decay, beach debasement or implosion therapy )The morphological conditions ( the type of coastal profile and the type of coastline )The land usage ( infrastructure/habitation, diversion, agribusiness etc. )Some of the steps have chiefly one map, which e.g. is the pattern for a stone facing. It protects the seashore against eroding, but aggravates shore eroding. Beach nourishment, on the other manus, protects against seashore eroding every bit good as against shore debasement.Management of the seashoreDune stabilizationFrom Coastal WikiJump to pilotage, huntDunes are a natural coastal characteristic on reasonably exposed and exposed seashores. Dunes are formed by the sand, which blows interior from the beach and is deposited in the country behind the coastline.BackgroundDuring charge rush events, the pes of the sand dunes can be eroded but the dunes act as a rightfully flexible buffer zone, which protects the backwoods from eroding and implosion therapy. The scoured stuff supplies stuff to the littoral budget understating the general eroding along the full subdivision of shoreline. During the storm and besides during more normal events, sand will be transported inland, sometimes in connexion with the formation of air current back streets in the dune row. After the storm, the damaged dune will bit by bit be built up once more, possibly somewhat more inland. This means that a dune Acts of the Apostless as a natural flexible seashore protection and sea defense mechanism steps. It moves backwards parallel with the gnawing coastline and at the same clip it maintains its signifier and volume every bit good as a broad beach. This is a natural quasi-equilibrium state of affairs. The eroding of dunes as a consequence of a terrible storm rush is besides referred to as dune eroding.However, the natural balance will switch if the dune industrial plant is damaged by croping or if beach-users, etc. bring forth excessively very much traffic, etc. This may do the dunes to degrade ensuing in loss of the protection provided by the natural dunes. At the same clip the sand blowing inland causes assorted sorts of wound. Consequently, governments usually tend to protect dunes by modulating their usage.In some instances governments have been really eager to protect the dunes by seting marram grass and puting fascines in the air current back street to pin down the sand. ( Fascines are the placing of pine or titivate subdivisions ) . This has, in some instances, resulted in a complete darn of the dune place and an unnatural growing in tallness. Consequently, the flexibleness of the natural dune is lost ensuing in a gradual disappearing of the dune due to eroding, whereby the protection, provided by the natural dune system, is lost.MethodFig. 1. Marram planting and the placing of spruce fascines in air current back streets ( Danish Coastal Authority 1 ) . put marram grass and puting up spruce fascines for caparison of sand and sweetening of dune build up. Larger wind back streets can besides be filled unnaturally anterior to seting. However, as mentioned above, the protection should non be so comprehensive that it wholly fixes the dunes.Newly planted flora in peculiar can be strengthened by utilizing fertilizer.Restrictions for their usage can besides protect the dunes. Croping in dune countries is prohibited in most states, and governments frequently limit public entree. such(prenominal) limitations may modulate the traffic in the dunes, e.g. by forbiding motor traffic. Different options are paved walk-to transitions in countries near parking tonss and fencing sonant freshly planted countries.Functional featureDune stabilization is a sustainable protection step, heightening the natural protection ability of dune countries. It protects against moving rid ge and storm rush onslaught and at the same clip it preserves the natural coastal landscape, if performed reasonably. Dune stabilization requires a planned and coordinated attempt.ApplicabilityDune stabilization is applicable on all coastal types where natural dunes occur. This is particularly the instance on reasonably exposed to exposed seashores with perpendicular to really oblique moving ridge ( air current ) onslaughts, types 1M to4M and 1E to 4E.Artificial dunes are besides employ as a sea defense mechanism construction.Cliff stabilizationFrom Coastal WikiJump to pilotage, huntCoastal falls can be unstable due to the combined consequence of several factors, discussed in this article along with methods to brace them.BackgroundCoastal cutpurses can be unstable due to the combined consequence of several factors, such asErosion of the pes of the drop cause by wave action and storm rushSkiding or weathering of the shift due to geo-technical instability. The eroding of the pes of the drop usually initiates geotechnical instability, but the sliding/collapse can be of different nature depending on the geo-technical conditions of the incline. There are fundamentally three different state of affairssIf the stuff is non-cohesive stuff, the weathering of the drop ailment usually occur at the same time with the eroding of the pes as a beadwork formation, which is the aggregation of come uponen stuff organizing a incline at the pes of the drop.If the stuff is a mixture of clay, silt, sand and bowlders, such as in the instance of moraine boulder clay, the incline can be really steep for a period due to the cohesive forces, but the incline will finally fall in. Smaller or bigger fractions of the drop will fall in connexion with groundwater force per unit area, frost impact or general weathering, or by skiding. Skiding will particularly happen in connexion with groundwater force per unit area.If the stuff consists of fictile clay or silty clay, the prostration of th e drop will be in the signifier of slides, which can travel far behind the top of the drop.Weathering of the drop by air current conveyance of sand. This will be most marked if the drop stuff is sand nevertheless, besides exposed drops dwelling of other types of stuff can be eroded by sand blown over the drop from the beach.MethodThe basic cause of cliff instability is usually the marine eroding of the pes of the drop, extenuation of this is covered under the protection method Revetment. Installing the stone facing will except farther eroding of the pes, but at that phase the incline of the drop may really good be so steep that enduring and sliding may still happen. This can be counteracted by the undermentioned agenciesArtificial smoothing of the incline, if there is commensurate uncounted at the pes every bit good as at top of the drop for this. This will antagonize future uncontrolled weathering and sliding.Smoothing of the incline by make fulling with farinaceous stuff at th e pes of the drop. This requires that there is sufficient infinite at the pes of the drop for the filling.Establish a flora screen on the drop. This can best be done by following the above-named smoothing of the incline. Good flora protects against enduring and groundwater ooze, and thereby to some finis against skidingDrain of groundwater. This can be used if the drop suffers from skiding due to high groundwater force per unit area and hapless drainage conditions. Horizontal and perpendicular drains can be used every bit good as the ordinance of the surface overflow.Cliff inclines are frequently aaAprotectedaaA? by cast away miscellaneous rubbish, such as subdivisions etc. , over the drop. It is a bad aaAsolutionaaA? because it does non halt the hazard of skiding. On the contrary, it spoils the flora and thereby increases the hazard of skiding.Functional featureCliff stabilization presupposes that the pes of the drop has been stabilised. Stabilization counteracts the natural beha vior of drops to skid and endure. Such an active drop is portion of the dynamic coastal landscape and should therefrom in rule be maintained as an incorporate portion of this landscape.ApplicabilityCliff stabilization can be applied at all reasonably exposed to coarse seashores nevertheless, in order to continue the dynamic coastal landscape drop stabilization should merely be used meagerly. Continuing the active drop at dumbly populated seashores is usually non executable due to the limited infinite. Consequently, cliff stabilization is usually merely used when there is sufficient infinite in the backland to let some smoothing.Repairing the coastline by constructionsDefinition of BreakwaterA construction dividing land and H2O countries. It is designed to forestall coastal eroding and other harm due to beckon action and storm rush, such as implosion therapy. Breakwaters are usually really monolithic constructions because they are designed to defy the full force of moving ridges a nd storm rush. In pattern, breakwaters and revetments are synonyms.Fig. 1. Examples of seawall constructions.A breakwater is constructed at the coastline, at the pes of possible drops or dunes. A breakwater is typically a aslant concrete construction it can be smooth, stepped-faced or curved-faced. A breakwater can besides be built as a rubble-mound construction, as a block breakwater, steel or wooden construction. The common feature is that the construction is designed to defy terrible beckon action and storm rush. A rubble-mound revetment frequently protects the pes of such non-flexible breakwaters. A rubble-mound breakwater bears a great similarity to a rubble-mound revetment nevertheless a revetment is frequently used as a addendum to a breakwater or as a stand-alone construction at less open locations. An open butch, which has been strengthened to defy wave action, is sometimes referred to as a breakwater.Functional featureThe about perpendicular breakwater, which was chiefly used in the yesteryear, had the unfortunate map of reflecting some of the moving ridge energy, whereby the eroding was aggravated, ensuing in accelerated disappearing of the beach. However, all sorts of breakwaters involve beach debasement as they are used at locations where the seashore is exposed to eroding. The breakwater will repair the location of the coastline, but it will non collar the on-going eroding in the coastal profile. On the contrary, it will to a varying grade, accelerate the eroding. It is rather normal that the beach disappears in forepart of a breakwater, and it will most frequently be necessary, after some old ages, to beef up the pes of the breakwater with a rubble revetment.A breakwater will diminish the release of deposits from the subdivision it protects and will hold a negative impact on the sediment budget along next shorelines.ApplicabilityA breakwater is a inactive construction, which protects the seashore against eroding and implosion therapy. Breakwat ers were ( are ) frequently used at locations off exposed metropolis foreparts, where good protection was needed and where infinite was scarce. Promenades have frequently been constructed on top of these breakwaters. They are besides used along other less inhabited seashores, where combined seashore protection and sea defense mechanism is desperately needed. Breakwaters are chiefly used at open seashores, but they are besides used at reasonably open seashores.Definition of RevetmentA revetment is a facing of rock, concrete units or slabs, etc. , built to protect a scarp, the pes of a drop or a dune, a butch or a breakwater against eroding by wave action, storm rush and currents. This definition is really similar to the definition of a breakwater, nevertheless a revetment does non protect against deluging. Furthermore, a revetment is frequently a addendum to other types of protection such as breakwaters and butchs.Emergency ProtectionFrom Coastal WikiJump to pilotage, huntThe underme ntioned article discusses exigency protection of seashores. Emergency protection steps are by nature rapidly built and non good designed steps.MethodTypical edifice methods and stuffs are the undermentionedRock dumping. Without filter beds, frequently excessively steep and low, without proper toenail protection, which means that they are unstableSand sacking, sometimes supported by wooden hemorrhoids. Often excessively low and without toe protection etc. The cloth is non lasting, which means that such protection will fall in after a really short period cast aside of other sorts of material easy at manus, such as different sorts of concrete pieces, edifice stuffs, old tyres etc.Functional featuresEmergency protection steps are typically property the undermentioned featuresThey are unstable and therefore non supplying proper protectionThey need changeless care and supply of new stuffsThey are ever inactive, and promotes farther loss of beachThey are botching the natural beauty of the beachThey prevent transition of the beachThey pollute the beach with unnatural elements, such concrete dust, bricks, gum elastic and plasticApplicabilityPrivate and public land proprietors are sometimes forced to build exigency protection at locations where unexpected eroding occurs. The exigency protection is installed in order to forestall farther harm to coastal installings. Unexpected can hold different causes as discussed in the followersUnexpected can be in the signifier of a rare of utmost event, such as a tidal moving ridge state of affairs or the transition of cycloneUnexpected can be the development of ongoing eroding at locations where it has non been possible to supply financess for a proper and timely protectionUnexpected can be due to miss of cognition to coastal procedures and/or informations, whereby eroding seems to be unexpected despite the fact that it could hold been foreseen if proper monitoring and coastal probes had been practisedEmergency protection ca n to a great extent be avoided by proper monitoring, shaving and support.Definition of BulkheadA bulkhead is a construction or divider used to retain or forestall sliding of the land. A secondary intent is to protect the seashore against harm from wave action.

Compare and contrast Donne’s “A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning” Essay

Donnes A valediction Forbidding trouble and Marvells To His Coy Mistress be identical and contradictory in many respects. Although A Valediction concentrates on the comfort of love on parting and To His Coy Mistress contemplates approximately sexual love and the briefness of life, both exemplify characteristics of metaphysical poetry. Metaphysical poetry is about the profound areas of experience, especially about love, romantic and sensual, and, to a lesser extent, about diversion, learning, and art.Metaphysical poems are brief but intense meditations, characterized by a striking use of wit, irony and wordplay. Beneath this somewhat formal structure is the underlying governance of the poems argument. In To His Coy Mistress the explicit argument (Marvells request that the demure lady yield to his passion) is a background for the more serious argument about the need for pleasure and to live life to the fullest before death. The outward lightness conceals a deep seriousness of i ntent. This poem finds the pretentiousness of passion used to hang serious reflections on the brevity of happiness, or in other words, the main(prenominal) point of a carpe diem poem. In A Valediction Forbidding Mourning the argument is not logically persuasive as Marvells poem proved, but the cleverness and subtlety of Donnes method are diverting in that a lonely woman might be comforted. She cannot change the fact of the yellowish brown leaving, but the poem states evidence of the integrity of the love he has professed thus far.The imagery used by the poets can also be applied as a basis for comparing and contrasting. Donne writes in a wide-ranging and obscure method. He did not write for publication, but showed poems to friends whom he supposed to be sanitary read enough to understand these references. Donnes imagery draws on the new learning of the English conversion and on topical discoveries and exploration. For example, line 11s But trepidation of the spheres is a refere nce to the spheres of cosmology during the era. With Marvell, imagery is more difficult.Unlike Donne who scatters metaphors freely, Marvell is more selective and sparing. Very often the image is more unforgettable and striking than the persuasion it expresses, as with the deserts of vast eternity, while frequently one finds an idea which cannot be understood except as the image in which Marvell expresses it, as with the amorous birds of prey,rather at once our time devour. In any case, similarly with these two poets, the use of the metaphor carcass subordinate to the metaphysical argument.Both poets, though they occasionally display their higher learning, write with fairly colloquial voices. However, Marvell exhibits more variety in the voice. The second person is found in To His Coy Mistress. When Donne does this, it is off-key that an intimate address to a real woman is intended. But Marvells Coy Mistress is evidently absent, a mere excuse for Marvell to examine his real car pe diem subjects, time and the shortness of human happiness.The structure and punctuation mark in each poem also reveal key differences. The same eight-syllable iambic line is constantly found in To His Coy Mistress. The vigorousness of the argument appears in the breathless lines. Few are end-stopped, and the lines put up the rough power of speech. Donne, on the other hand, carries his argument using four line stanzas in A Valediction Forbidding Mourning. Unlike Donne, who is prepared to allow some lack of punctuation (between showtime and second stanzas and frequently within all the stanzas), Marvells stanza here has a near metronomic quality. A punctuation mark at the end of the second line exaggerates the rhyming syllable, which is matched at the end of the stanza.Although discussing different subjects, both poems are examples of metaphysical poetry. Through their different images and styles of writing, Marvell was able to illustrate the carpe diem theme of the shortness of life and financial backing it to the fullest, while Donne expressed the consolation of love on leaving. The authors are able to transmit their messages to the reader through and through these difference and similarities, serving their literary purpose.

Occupational Stress in Law Enforcement & Intervention Strategies

Occupational puree in uprightness Enforcement & Intervention Strategies Stress in fair play enforcement is complex. Stressors vary by individual and because of that combatting idiom is law enforcement is not an easy task. extensive strokes and blanket programs are used in an effort to reach the greatest number of employees with strategies designed to veto and reduce stress in the field of law enforcement. I believe that a more secernate approach is required to have the greatest impact on officers working in this field.The occupation of a police officer is commonly referred to as one of the around stressful occupations. Causes of stress for police officers nates be linked to the organisational structure and the demands of the profession to admit shift work, overtime, and years of service. The rigid nature of the organization has been referred to as one of the primary sources of stress for law enforcement. In addition to the stress of the organizational structure, police enc ounter the threat of violent criminals and disturbing crime scenes as a part of strain daily possibilities.Potential causes of stress for punitory staff are similar to the stress that police officers endure. Stress is derived from national and external sources to include, prison/jail organizational structure, nature of work-supervision of the inmate population, overtime, shift work, length of time on the job, privacy/safety concerns, threats of inmate violence/actual inmate violence, inmate demands/manipulations, co-workers, specific post or assignments, poor public image, and low pay.correctional officers and police officers had the highest rates of non-fatal violent concomitants at work betwixt 1990-1995 (Finn, p. , 2001). explore regarding causes of stress for law enforcement was inconsistent when attempting to determine the highest rates of stress. Areas of concern for some(prenominal) correctional and police officers that find out work-related stress span from work-rel ated make to the effects on the employees personal life. Officers can suffer physical ailments as a result of work-related stress that include heart disease, high blood pressure, and eating disorders, etc.Studies have shown that check of officers has been linked to stress related causes. Additional areas of concern are staff burnout, personal and family relationships that include the break of frustration onto family/friends and poor work performance which ultimately compromises institutional safety and creates stress for co-workers. One of the most significant causes of stress in law enforcement is captious happenings and the impact of unfavourable incident stress in law enforcement.A critical incident can be defined as any situation in which an officers expectations of personal infallibility suddenly become tempered by imperfection and crude naive realism (Kureczka, 1996). Critical Incidents in law enforcement are loosely defined because the nature of the incidents can affec t officers differently. Examples of critical incidents in law enforcement include line of duty death, serious injury of a co-worker, officer obscure shooting, traumatic death of a child, hostage and riot situations. Critical Incident Stress can intimation to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.Four to ten percent of individuals who experience a critical incident leave behind develop PTSD. Research shows that 87% of all emergency workers experience the effects of critical incident stress (Kureczka,1996). Stressors can be multiplied by compounding events (i. e. death of a suspect and injury to the officer). The effects of a critical incident affect the officer physically, emotionally and cognitively. Physical affects (effects) can range from headaches, tendon aches, sleep disturbance, decreased sexual activity, decreased appetite, and impotence.Emotional affects include anxiety, fear, guilt, sadness, anger, irritability, withdrawal and a sense of feeling lost. cognitive affects include flashbacks, repeated visions of the incident, nightmares, slowed thinking, difficulty in decision making, disorientation, memory lapse, and the lack the ability to concentrate. Intervention strategies include a variety of options that have been implemented in law enforcement over the past twenty years. about intervention programs are specific to the everyday stressors of the profession while others are more concentrated to areas involving critical incidents.The development and establishment of stress programs or Employee Assistance Programs are types of intervention programs available. Programs vary by plane section and in levels of perceived success. Possible program components include trained correctional staff assisting other correctional staff that have experienced a critical incident at work, implementation of a counseling team, implementation of a stress unit, critical incident debriefing, increased communication with employees, wellness programs, staff appointment in pol icy making and training & program line programs.The benefits of the implementation of programs to help employees deal with stress include, step-down of overtime bes incurred due to sick time usage, reduction in staff turnover rates, raise staff morale coupled with improved job performance, increased institutional and officer safety, improved relations with the union, staff feeling that management/administrators value them as individuals. The role of the administration in providing support to officers both pre and post critical incidents has a tremendous The administrations role in combatting critical incident stress is mutually beneficial to the employee and the agency.The agency impact is on the organizational structure (i. e. other officers, the department, the public, and families) as a whole as well as budgetary impact that affects all areas (retention, training, etc. ). When compared to the cost of intervention, it is financially more beneficial to the organization to spend money on intervention which in turn also benefits the entire organizational structure. . Intervention strategies specific to critical incidents include counseling for employees with counselors that have a thorough understanding f the type of work of law enforcement, as well as the handiness of peer support officers that are specially trained to recognize problems and make referrals. The availability of pre-incident stress education and stress management training for new recruits and seasoned employees throughout employment allows employees who experience critical incident stress to recognize the signs and seek help. Additional orientations for families also provides for information on stress in law enforcement to be communicated to prepare families for what to expect in the event that an incident occurs.References Finn, P. (2001). Addressing Correctional Officer Stress Programs and Strategies. bend Justice Media, Inc. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docv iew/ 214386062/fulltext/ 136F9663B05382C356E/ 3? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 Kureczka, A. (1996). Critical Incident Stress in jurisprudence Enforcement, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin. Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/socialsciences/docview/204132441/ fulltextPDF/136F9D8BC523F17E9DF/2? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 Feemster, S. 2010). The Forensic Examiner. Addressing the Urgent Need for Multi- Dimensional Training in Law Enforcement Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/ SocialSciences/docview/859010103/fulltextPDF/136FB22E6C16A280637/4? accountid= 36616 on May 28, 2012 To Quit or not to Quit Perceptions of Participation in Correctional Decision Making and the Impact of Organizational Stress Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/social sciences/docview/214563577/136FB3A66E950711643/2? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012Jaramillo, F. , Nixon, R. & Sams, D. (2004). The consummation of Law Enforcement Stress on Organizational Commitment. Retrieved from http//sear ch. proquest. com/socialsciences/ docview /211301458/ fulltextPDF/136FB495CC464AAE192/14? accountid=36616 on May 28, 2012 McCarty, W. , Zhao, J. & Garland, B. , (2007). Occupational Stress and Burnout between Male and Female Police Officers Retrieved from http//search. proquest. com/socialsciences/ docview/211277163/fulltextPDF/136FBFDCC4976A43D80/1? accountid=36616 on May

Multi-National Corporate Rewards Program

Multi-National Corporation Rewards Program Tammy Engel CTU Online MGM336 March 19, 2012 Professor Moutaz Abou-Robieh Abstract intention a rewards course that volition be an attraction for new employees and a reason to stay for be staff laughingstock be difficult for all corporation, but is made even more so when the political party becomes international. There be several factors that influence employee motivation and these may be affected by finishing, environment, socio-economics, and politics.A study of the motivating factors for employees located in the United States, France, and Japan give be presented, along with strong leaders characteristics for those individual stances. A preliminary rewards program for each division of the company leave alone in any case be presented. Multi-National Corporation Rewards Program A rewards program or benefits package is always a cock-a-hoop part of an employees decision to apply with, accept, or keep a job with any organizatio n.The program must hold appeal to the employee and be appropriate for the location, especi each(prenominal)y if the company is a multi-national organization. Some benefits may non work in other countries, for example employee recognition in America usually consists of singling an undivided out for kudos, while in Japan this type of recognition would be extremely uncomfort satisfactory for the employee. Influencing factors for the origin of appropriate rewards programs for our multi-national corporation (MNC) ordain be discussed. These will include employee motivation factors and successful leadership characteristics.Understanding motivating There are several internal and external factors that puke motivate an individual. There have been galore(postnominal) studies by psychologists that focus on these factors including Maslows Hierarchy of Needs, the ERG theory, the motivator-hygiene/intrinsic-extrinsic need theory, and the achievement theory. There is superstar paramount pr oblem with all of these theories they are ground on Western European and the United States and in that respectfore may not be applicable to employees that are not from these locations.Even within these areas there will be some(prenominal) variation in the motivational factors for any employee. Since these theories do offer some valuable insight into the principal of two-thirds of our MNC, we will discuss their implications. Maslows hierarchy of needfully is based on the premise that an individuals inescapably are grouped into five main categories these categories are contingent upon one another in that Maslow believed the one could not move on to achieving or being motivated by the next menage of needs until the previous ones had been met. Phatak, Bhagat, & Kashlak, Motivating and Leading crossways Borders and Cultures392, 2009) These categories are physiological needs such as food, shelter, and health safety needs shelter and security belonging needs, feeling part of a gr oup, applaud esteem needs such as self-esteem and the respect of others and finally self-actualization needs which would indicate achieving ones ultimate potential. Similar to Maslows hierarchy is the ERG theory developed by Clayton Alderfer.The ERG theory classifies needs into three intertwined categories existence needs (think physiological and safety needs), relatedness needs ( akin(predicate) to belonging and respect needs), and growth needs (this relates to self-esteem and self-actualization). Other theories categorize these needs differently, but all are very similar. While there is some credence to these theories, as stated there is one overriding problem they are based on an Eastern European/American individual.There may be some applicability to the employees of our MNC from North American, little applicability for those from France, and little applicability to our Japanese staff. All of these theories are based upon higher order needs such as individual achievement, self- actualization, and affiliation. Individuals from the Japanese division may be more concerned with cast down order needs such as safety, security, and physical comforts. Phatak, Bhagat, & Kashlak, Motivating and Leading across Borders and Cultures392, 2009) Other theories are based on process theories rather than psychological aspects of behavior. One such theory is called the expectancy theory. This conception states that employees are motivated by expectations from management, linking behaviors with outcomes, and basing behavior on a reward system. The equity theory is similar to this in that employees will attempt to balance their work behavior according to what they see others do (or not do). Phatak, Bhagat, & Kashlak, Motivating and Leading across Borders and Cultures392, 2009) There are three averages associated with this theory the norm of equity, the norm of need, and the norm of equality. This theory is especially applicable to our American division. Another aspect of moti vating employees is the relationship between managers and their respective employees. These individuals must be able to work closely to formulate realistic goals for the employees based on the shit communication of the companys mission and vision.Application of Motivational Theories As stated, our managers need to be very blow-by-blow about how the motivate our employees based upon the physical location of the employee, the cultural background of the individual, and the other intrinsic and extrinsic factors that may influence that employees behavior. Employees located in more individualistic countries such as America and France will be more motivated by intrinsic factors and self-actualization needs. These individuals are more concerned with equitable discussion as compared to earning similar pay for similar work.Other appealing rewards or benefits may include paying(a) cartridge clip off, insurance, and consistent salary increases. These individuals will be concerned with the comforts that the work environment has to offer including commodious office spaces comfortable break rooms amenities like gyms, lunch service, and childcare these employees value their personal identity and will appreciate being publically recognized for a job thoroughly done. Conversely, our Japanese employees will be more concerned with extrinsic and basic safety/physiological needs. Phatak, Bhagat, & Kashlak, Motivating and Leading across Borders and Cultures392, 2009) These individuals value family and loyalty. Many generations of a family live together, so they may not feel that childcare is a worthy benefit as they have family available to take care of children or elderly relatives. culturally Appropriate Reward Programs The rewards programs for our company will consist of a base package that will be appropriate and applicable to all divisions. Salary will be based on experience and company subsidized insurance will be available.Recognition awards for milestone achievement will be disposed to our American and French employees at monthly staff meetings, while these same types of awards will be given to our Japanese employees privately and with little fanfare, respecting their privacy. Working environments will be clean and meet the highest safety standards available for all branches. Individuals will be provided access to all managerial staff along with some appropriate liberty depending upon position and duties. Employees will also be strongly encourages to participate in a team culture within the workplace, with an emphasis on collaboration and cohesion.Each employee will be provided a generous allotment of paid time off this will be highly valued by each division. (Phatak, Bhagat, & Kashlak, International homo Resources Management, 2009) Employees in France will be allowed the use of company owned vacation property. The US division will be provided with company subsidized legal and financial aid, while the Japanese employees will be given a mont hly family allowance based upon the number of individuals in their family. These additional benefits are specific to location and monetarily equivalent between divisions.Leadership Types Each division will be led by individuals carefully elect from the native locale. This will help to ensure that communication is fall out and precise and that cultural moires are old(prenominal) and followed. All managers will be required to cross-train across continents so that they are aware of and familiar with the workings of each respective division. Our American managers will be specifically chosen for their abilities to set goals, interpersonal skills, and turn out leadership history. The French management staff will be chosen for similar characteristics.The Japanese leadership will be chosen for proven leadership roles and ability to be available to the employees as well as to promote a team atmosphere. Our leaders will be encouraged to set clear goals for our employees and to meet indivi dually with employees directly under them to communicate these goals. Upper management will be back up staff under them to be innovative and to communicate those ideas throughout the business. While magnetism and charm will draw employees to a management figure in the US and France, this characteristic is not appropriate in Japan. (Phatak, Bhagat, &Kashlak, International Human Resources Management, 2009) Another characteristic that should be inherent in our managers is the ability to promote workplace and task pride. This is an heavy factor for motivating all employees, regardless of the location. Leaders should be trustworthy and take in excellent communication skills, good team building capabilities, and exceptional bargaining abilities. Conclusion It is extremely important to evaluate several aspects of the environment and culture prior to entering into a business relationship with any international location.This is especially important when the culture that you are entering i s unique and unfamiliar to you and your company. Many factors can affect how employees from these varied locations will work and how they are motivated to work careful study of these can help to increase the likelihood of success for your business. Most importantly, hiring good leadership to oversee these areas is vital. Good leaders will help to promote and build the existing business, encourage cohesion among employees and divisions, and will be able to successfully communicate the prevailing mission of the business.References Phatak, A. V. , Bhagat, R. S. , & Kashlak, R. J. (2009). International Human Resources Management. In A. V. Phatak, R. S. Bhagat, & R. J. Kashlak, International Management Managing in a Diverse and Dynamic Global Environment (Second ed. , pp. 436-468). Boston McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Phatak, A. V. , Bhagat, R. S. , & Kashlak, R. J. (2009). Motivating and Leading across Borders and Cultures392. In A. V. Phatak, R. S. Bhagat, & R. J. Kashlak, International Managemen t Managing in a diverse and Dynamic Global Environment (Second ed. , pp. 392-435). Boston McGraw-Hill.